How to install and connect an intercom?

How to mount an intercom in a private house?

The main elements of the access system are:

• call device;
• locking lock (systems with an electric lock or with a magnetic lock);
• telephone receiver (or video intercom);
• Power Supply.

Auxiliary part is connecting cables and wires.

First, let's deal with the installation of the main parts of the system, and then move on to installing and connecting the wires. To understand what will be discussed next, we turn to a visual diagram of the intercom in a private house:

We will analyze for a start the installation of its elements indoors. Namely, the speaking tube (No. 1) and the power supply (No. 2).

• The power supply provides constant voltage to other elements of the system. It can be installed near the earpiece or near the distribution panel. Connection is made by means of an ordinary plug into the 220 V socket. The ringing device and the electromechanical intercom lock are powered from it.
• The tube is mounted in a convenient location. The installation site is usually the wall at the front door. We attach it to the wall and mark the points for the holes. In the finished holes, hammer the dowels. Now the intercom can be securely fixed with self-tapping screws. Connecting the doorphone handset is performed according to the diagram below:

It is clear from it that the intercom is connected by two wires. As a connecting cable, you can use a telephone two-wire cable or twisted pair.

This completes the installation of equipment indoors - go to the street. Here we have to install the electric lock and call device.

• The calling device is mounted at the entrance to the site. But it will be wrong to install it directly on the gate, since this is associated with the arrangement of additional flexible communications, which entails a decrease in reliability and increased wear of the connecting wires. Therefore, it should be installed and connected on the fence or on the column at the entrance. We fasten the calling panel in the same way as the tube with self-tapping screws. For example, like this:

In life, it will look like this:

• In a private house, an electromechanical lock is used as a locking device.It is installed on one of the "stiffnesses" of the design of the input gate, and the counterpart on the frame. The connection will not be particularly difficult, since a two-wire cable is connected to it and sit on the marked terminals. According to the design of the fence and the gate, the wire is laid in plastic channels, and the transition point of the flexible connection is laid in the corrugation.

A few words about the connection. Mounting the wires is much easier if the installation of the system is known at the design stage. Then all the control and power lines are carefully hidden inside the walls, without violating the aesthetics of the room. Otherwise, in order not to shatter the walls, the cable is hidden in cable channels.

The video below illustrates the procedure for installing and connecting an intercom system in a private house:

Features of installing a video intercom

A video intercom is attached in the same way as a telephone receiver - in a convenient place for communication. Additionally, you will need to install a video camera near the entrance to the room or site. But to connect it you need to use a circuit in which 4 wires are used, and not 2, as with an audio tube. Consider it:

As you can see, the cores are responsible for the supply and transmission of audio and video signal. The wire responsible for transmitting the video is braided to reduce interference and interference from nearby supply wires. To connect a video intercom with your own hands, you can use the cable KVK P 2 2x0.75. It will also be useful to look at the instructions for the video intercom, where you can find a specific circuit wire connections.

You can find out how to connect the wires correctly from this video:

How to mount an intercom in an apartment

The principle of connecting an intercom in an apartment is not much different from a private house. The only thing is that the footage of the cables is significantly increased, and special switching equipment is required to connect all subscribers with the call panel. Now in more detail. Let's start traditionally with the scheme:

It is worth noting that a magnetic lock is usually installed on the front door of the entrance, with a large holding force.

Perhaps the most difficult stage is to connect the intercom to the door station at the entrance to the front door. We start by laying the cable from the apartment to the shield located on the landing. We lead the wire from the apartment to the shield, laying it in a plastic cable channel, then gently lower it down the shaft of the drive shield to the first floor. Further, laying in the corrugation, we lead to the call panel or to the installation location of the switch.

Then you need to install and connect the handset. The installation location should be convenient and affordable - as in the case of a video intercom in a private house, this is a wall near the front door. We fasten it with self-tapping screws into the previously hammered dowels. Let's move on to connecting the intercom in the apartment. Having removed the front face cover, we will see the terminals. There can be two or four, depending on the type of device selected. The presence of four terminals indicates the possibility of connecting another additional handset. The photo shows the connection procedure:

It is also possible to organize a simpler connection when the call device is mounted directly behind the entrance apartment door, as in the picture:

In this scheme, there is no electric lock, and the system is used only for video communication.

At the end of the article I would like to talk about which wires to use. As mentioned above, to connect a video intercom, use signal cables such as KVK P 2 2x0.75 or twisted-pair FTP 4x2x0.51. You can attach the audio handset with a two-wire telephone wire or twisted pair. For powering the electric lock, a two-core is suitable ShVVP cable 2x0.75.

We also note one important nuance with regards to electric locks associated with access to the room. At power outage the electromagnetic lock will stop working and the door will open automatically, the electromechanical will still remain closed.Remember this important detail both during the operation phase and in the process of choosing a kit for your own conditions.

Here on this principle is the installation and connection of the intercom do-it-yourself. As you can see, in a private house and apartment it is not difficult to independently carry out installation, the main thing is to know the rules provided and have the right tool on hand!

It will be interesting to read:

• Electrician Tools - List
• Wire colors in wiring
• How to strob walls